Annie Get Your Gun, featuring music and lyrics written by Irving Berlin and book by Herbert and Dorothy Fields, is a fictionalized version of the life of Annie Oakley (1860-1926)  a sharpshooter from Ohio, and her husband, Frank Butler.

When the traveling Buffalo Bill's Wild West show visits her town, Annie Oakley enters a shooting contest, wins, and is asked to join the show. She has fallen instantly in love with the star of the show, Frank Butler, and agrees to join, although she has no idea what "show business" is. She is informed by Frank and Company that "There's No Business Like Show Business". Over the course of working together, Frank, although insisting that the girl he wants will "wear satin... and smell of cologne" ("The Girl That I Marry"), becomes enamoured of the tomboyish Annie. The rough and naive Annie comically laments that "You Can't Get a Man with a Gun". Frank's ego is bruised and he becomes jealous when Annie becomes a star, and he walks out on her and the show, joining Pawneee Bill's show.

Buffalo Bill tours Europe with Annie as the star, but the show goes broke, as does Pawnee Bill's show with Frank. Annie, dressed beautifully and more wordly now, still longs for Frank ("I Got Lost in His Arms"). Frank and Bill plot a merger of the two companies. They all meet at a grand reception where Annie and Frank confess their love ("An Old-Fashioned Wedding") and Annie agrees to sell her chest-full of shooting medals. Frank again has his pride hurt by seeing her medals, but they agree to one last shooting duel ("Anything You Can Do"). Annie deliberately loses to Frank to soothe his ego, and they go off together.